Abstract: In a highly complex and fiercely competitive market environment, the need for initiative behavior has significantly increased. The platform leader, possessing qualities such as inclusivity, charisma, and transformational leadership, is able to effectively motivate employees’ initiative behavior. Based on the active motivation model, this article explores the mechanism of platform leadership’s influence on employees’ initiative behavior and further analyzes the mediating role of thriving at work and the moderating role of role breadth self-efficacy. The results indicate that platform leadership has a positive impact on employees’ initiative behavior, and thriving at work plays a mediating role in this process. Additionally, role breadth self-efficacy negatively moderates the positive effect of platform leadership on thriving at work and positively moderates the positive effect of thriving at work on employees’ proactive behavior.