Abstract: The Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China noted, to build a modern socialist country in all respects, we must, first and foremost, pursue high-quality development. With new quality productive forces being its intrinsic requirements and important focus, high-quality development needs the guidance from a new productivity theory. As the foundation of the national economy, agriculture must be empowered by new quality productive forces to achieve high-quality development. Agricultural development in China has the advantages of superior systems and policies, broad space and prospects, as well as rapid technological progress. There are also specific issues related to technology, talent, resources, and industries, such practical challenges as unstable foundation, insufficient 'intellectual power', slow process and difficult results. Therefore, we should promote the high-quality development of agriculture by developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions, strengthening the technical core of new quality productive forces, cultivating the foundation of new quality productive forces talents, and highlighting the leading role of new quality productive forces.