Abstract: The digital economy presents new opportunities for enhancing the competitiveness of the logistics industry in western China and injecting strong impetus into the construction of a modern logistics system. This study focuses on 12 provinces in western China and uses the fixed effects model to empirically analyze the impact and heterogeneity of the digital economy on the competitiveness of the logistics industry in the region from 2012 to 2021. The research findings indicate that the digital economy can significantly promote the improvement of the competitiveness of the logistics industry in western China, but it has different effects on the northwest and southwest China. The optimization and upgrading of industrial structure and the improvement of economic development level both have a significant positive impact on the competitiveness of the logistics industry in the western region of China, and their effects also exhibit regional heterogeneity. However, the levels of human capital and technological innovation have no significant impact on the competitiveness of the logistics industry in the western region.