Abstract: To avoid harm to our health from electronic equipments, the electromagnetic shielding materials have been developed because of important practical significance. Filled electromagnetic shielding composites are the most promising materials for electromagnetic interference shielding. More and more researchers pay attention to the carbon-based electromagnetic shielding materials. As a conductive filler, carbon materials have many advantages such as low cost, light weight, excellent conductivity and so on. In this paper, the research progress in carbon-based filled polymer electromagnetic shielding materials was overviewed, and the principle of electromagnetic shielding was introduced. Furthermore, the effects of different carbon-based fillers on the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness were emphasized. Finally, it is proposed that the design of material microstructure and the preparation process to improve the dispersibility of carbon fillers are the key to promote the development of novel carbon-based electromagnetic shielding materials.