Abstract: Under the background of the gradual decrease of agricultural production personnel in rural areas, the rapid improvement of mechanization level in hilly and mountainous areas has become an urgent problem affecting China 's food security. In this paper, the ' household mechanization ' model for hilly and mountainous areas is proposed. In order to reduce the cost and shorten the transformation time of the tractor roads under this model, a layout planning method for the shortest length of the tractor roads that can connect all the fields in a given area is proposed. This method is based on set coverage and minimum Steiner tree. The whole planning process is divided into two stages, and the backtracking algorithm and dynamic programming method are used to solve the two stages of the model. It has been verified that the two-stage planning model established in this paper can obtain the layout scheme of tractor roads that connects all the fields in the region and has the shortest length, and reduce the transformation cost of the tractor roads.