Abstract: As a key method for hydrogen production, alkaline electrolyzer technology has been developed rapidly in recent years. This review systematically summarizes the principles, performance indicators, and current development status of alkaline electrolyzers while discussing their development prospects and technological innovation direction in depth. Alkaline electrolyzer technology plays a crucial role in hydrogen production due to its low cost, mature process, and suitability for large-scale applications. However, the continuous development of hydrogen energy industry, there are increasing demands for the efficiency, stability, and economy of electrolyzers. In the future, alkaline electrolyzer technology will tend to be large-scale and integrated, and the performance and economy of electrolyzers can be further improved through the development of efficient catalysts, electrolyzer structure, and system optimization. Furthermore,the deep integration of interdisciplinary technology would inject new vitality into the development of alkaline electrolyzer technology, and promote the continuous progress and prosperity of hydrogen energy industry.