Abstract: Alkaline electrolyzer technology has developed rapidly in recent years as a key method for hydrogen production. This review systematically summarizes the principles, performance indicators, and current development status of alkaline electrolyzers while discussing their development prospects and technological innovation direction in depth. Alkaline electrolyzer technology plays a crucial role in hydrogen production due to its low cost, mature process, and suitability for large-scale applications. However, as the hydrogen energy industry develops, there are increasing demands for enhanced efficiency, stability, and economic viability of electrolyzers. In the future, alkaline electrolyzer technology will tend to be large-scale and integrated, and the performance and economy of electrolyzers can be further improved through the development of efficient catalysts, electrolyzer structure, and system optimization. Furthermore, an interdisciplinary integration is beneficial for the advancement of alkaline electrolyzer technology, thereby promoting the sustainable advancement of the hydrogen energy industry.