Design and Synthesis of Low Platinum Nanoelectrocatalytic Materials and Progress in Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Hydrogen (H₂) is considered one of the most promising energy alternatives for the future due to its high energy density and green "zero" carbon properties. H₂ production from water electrolysis offers a green and sustainable way to produce H₂. Platinum (Pt)-based materials are considered to be effective electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but limited metal reserves and high prices have limited the large-scale commercialization of Pt-based catalysts; therefore, the design of low-Pt electrocatalysts that achieve low cost and high HER performance has attracted much attention. This review summarizes representative low-Pt catalyst synthesis strategies such as alloy strategy, strong metal support interactions, and single-atom strategy. The research status of low platinum electrocatalysts was systematically reviewed. It is pointed out that the design of new low Pt catalysts, the structure-activity relationship of catalysts, the development of new carrier materials and the stability and reliability of catalysts in actual systems are the future research directions.