Abstract: On the basis of Ginarte-Park model, this paper optimizes and improves the index content and system. It also calculates the patent system distance between countries by constructing the characteristic vectors of patent system. The calculation process of this method is more concise and relative, compared with the patent system distance calculation based on the existing Ginarte-Park model and its derivative models. It can not only reveal the unlikeness of the overall patent system, but also analyze the differences of patent system in various subjects and dimensions. Using the model and method to analyze the differences of patent system between the 63 countries along the Belt and Road and China, one can find that patent systems bear high similarities between some countries in Southeast Asia, countries in Central and Eastern Europe and China, while a few Southeast Asian countries show differences with China's patent system. Through the heat map, this paper makes a perspective analysis of the differences between Southeast Asian countries and China in various dimensions of patent system, and effectively identifies the differences between specific countries in certain dimensions.