Abstract: Veterans are the precious wealth of the CPC and China. A good placement and employment of the veterans is related to economic development and social stability. Based on the Theory of Social Cognitive Career, this paper collects relevant information about the employment and resettlement of veterans through semi-structured interviews in qualitative research. It analyzes the development process and dilemma of the career of veterans around the interaction among personal traits, environmental factors and core cognitive variables, and improves the employability through the logical relationship between learning experience and self-efficacy, outcome expectations and career goals. It is found that, from the perspective of the Theory of Social Cognitive Career, learning experience is the main source of self-efficacy and expectations about the results in the core cognitive variables. The issue of veteran placement is influenced by both personal traits and environmental factors, and the core cognitive variables are affected by learning experience. Personal traits involve such problems as lack of experience in the workplace, the difficulty in meeting the needs of the post, and the frustration of self-confidence. Environmental factors involve such problems as the large numbers of resettlement population, the optimization of the management institutions, and imperfection of the social support network. Based on this, the employment and resettlement of veterans can be achieved through "four-dimensional professional activities, enhance self-efficacy" "develop training plans, strengthen learning experience" "encourage self-exploration, establish goal expectations ", "individual-behavior-environment" two-way promotion and development of ecological cycle resettlement path, so as to improve the employment and resettlement system of veterans.