Abstract: Revaluating traditional pastoral poetry from an ecological perspective is an important aspect of ecological criticism. This article argues that the Arcadian pastoral in Spencer's The Shepherd's Calendar has a realistic environmental dimension, serving as a prism through which the poet portrays rural nature and reflects on contemporary environmental issues. Through pastoral poetry, the poet imagines a possibility of an ordered and harmonious world, where human and nature coexist in the English countryside. At the same time, the poet also alludes to the historical reality of the deterioration of the environment and the prevalence of social injustice due to the advancement of commodity economy and enclosure movement. Based on the poet's raw ecological vision and genuine environmental concerns, the virtues advocated in the poetry can be understood as an ecological ethical inspiration for environmental restoration. This has significant implications for addressing the current ecological crisis and reconstructing the sustainable harmony between humans and nature.