Abstract: New quality productive forces represent the modern advanced productive capabilities driven by revolutionary technological breakthroughs. The core objective of developing these new quality productive forces is to enhance scientific and technological levels and transform scientific and technological achievements, requiring the collaborative efforts of multiple stakeholders. The commercial application of Watt's improved steam engine marked the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century. This milestone accelerated the commercialization of scientific and technological inventions, leading to a significant leap in productive capabilities. The success of Watt's improved steam engine, from the perspective of multi-agent collaboration, provides valuable insights for the development of China's new quality productive forces. The increased productivity brought about by Watt's improved steam engine can be attributed to a developed market economy, Watt's exceptional scientific and technological innovation, entrepreneurs' keen judgment, and a robust patent system. Therefore, to promote the transformation of science and technology into new quality productive forces, it is essential to build a high-level socialist market economic system, accelerate the training of craftsmen of the nation, promote entrepreneurial spirit, and perfect the intellectual property protection system.