Abstract: Promoting the modernization of municipal social governance is crucial for achieving national governance modernization. This paper employs a multidimensional analysis framework encompassing philosophy, spatial planning, stakeholders, mechanisms, systems, capabilities, and methods. Using F City, Anhui Province as a case study, the study deeply explores the modernization of municipal social governance, utilizing methods including questionnaire surveys. The findings reveal several challenges in advancing municipal social governance modernization: inadequate philosophical understanding, uncoordinated urban spatial layout, limited governance stakeholders, incomplete mechanisms, flawed systems, insufficient governance capabilities, and the need for enhanced methodologies. To effectively advance municipal social governance modernization in the new era, it is imperative to enhance the concept of modern governance, engage in scientific urban spatial planning, establish robust collaborative mechanisms, implement comprehensive statutes, enhance education and training to bolster governance entity capabilities, optimize social governance methods.