Abstract: The article develops a measurement index system to assess the high-quality development of state-owned enterprises, focusing on their competitiveness, innovation, control, influence and risk resistance. This system aligns with development goals to strengthen, optimize, and expand these enterprises. The system is employed to analyze the state of high-quality development within state-owned enterprises. Findings indicate that these enterprises have significantly enhanced their control and influence, continuously improved their competitiveness and risk resistance, and notably advanced their innovation capabilities. Despite these improvements, challenges such as capital being "large but not strong", experiencing "developmental fatigue", having "inefficient investment in innovation" and "inadequate strategic leadership" persist. To promote high-quality development, it is recommended to align with the theory of new quality productive forces, define high-quality development roles based on new challenges and missions, establish clear high-quality development paths tailored to enterprise classification, enhance the industrialization rate of innovations, implement market-oriented reforms, and uphold the "two unswerving principles" to streamline the high-quality development environment.